Free lensing is considered the inexpensive way of producing a tilt shift effect with added natural light leaks. You disconnect the lens from your camera body and essentially just hold/position it in front of the camera. This changes the focus plane and allows for a tilt shift like effect to come out in the photo.
HDR
High dynamic range is a technique used to create a greater dynamic range than is possible with standard techniques. It aims to create similarities to what the human eye can see in everyday life. The human eye constantly adjusts to the changes in our environment and the brain is continuously interpreting it so people can see in a wide range of light conditions.
The use of AV and TV
AV (aperture value) is aperture priority on the camera. If your camera is set to AV it will automatically prioritise aperture and shutter speed will adjust accordingly based on the amount of light to get the right exposure.
TV is shutter priority. It is essentially the same as AV but the variables are switched around so you manually change your shutter speed to the desired value and your camera will automatically adjust the aperture.
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